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How to cite IBM SPSS Statistics or earlier versions of SPSS

Question & Answer


Question

I am writing a book or research paper and I need to include results of analyses run in IBM SPSS Statistics or earlier versions of SPSS. How do I make bibliographic citations for this information?

Answer

The format of a reference or bibliographic citation of IBM SPSS Statistics is specific to a particular style manual, and guidance on the structure of such references or citations needs to come from your chosen manual. However, in many cases a formal reference or bibliographic citation is not necessary. For example, in popular APA style, SPSS is considered sufficiently known that only the version or release number is required. You can see the precise release number by selecting Help->About in the menus.

If you need to include a citation, versions that were produced by SPSS Inc. before the IBM acquisition (Versions 18 and earlier) would be given an origin or publisher of SPSS Inc. in Chicago. Versions that were released after the acquisition would be given an origin or publisher of IBM Corp. in Armonk, NY. For example:

SPSS Inc. Released 2007. SPSS for Windows, Version 16.0. Chicago, SPSS Inc.

SPSS Inc. Released 2008. SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 17.0. Chicago: SPSS Inc.

SPSS Inc. Released 2009. PASW Statistics for Windows, Version 18.0. Chicago: SPSS Inc.

IBM Corp. Released 2010. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 19.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.

IBM Corp. Released 2011. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.

IBM Corp. Released 2012. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.

IBM Corp. Released 2013. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.

IBM Corp. Released 2015. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.

IBM Corp. Released 2016. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.

IBM Corp. Released 2017. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.

IBM Corp. Released 2019. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp

IBM Corp. Released 2020. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 27.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp

IBM Corp. Released 2021. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 28.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp

IBM Corp. Released 2023. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 29.0.2.0 Armonk, NY: IBM Corp

For platforms other than Windows, substitute the name of the operating system. For example: IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh, Version 28.0.

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Document Information

Modified date:
01 April 2024

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