An rvalue reference that is to expire.
C defines a function designator as an expression that has function type. A function designator is distinct from an object type or an lvalue. It can be the name of a function or the result of dereferencing a function pointer. The C language also differentiates between its treatment of a function pointer and an object pointer.
A function call that returns an lvalue reference is an lvalue. Expressions can produce an lvalue, an xvalue, a (prvalue) rvalue, or no value.
Operator | Requirement |
---|---|
& (unary) | Operand must be an lvalue. |
++ -- | Operand must be a modifiable lvalue. This applies to both prefix and postfix forms. |
= += -= *= %= <<= >>= &= ‸= |= | Left operand must be a modifiable lvalue. |
For example, all assignment operators evaluate their right operand and assign that value to their left operand. The left operand must be a modifiable lvalue.
Expression | Lvalue |
---|---|
x = 42 | x |
*ptr = newvalue | *ptr |
a++ | a |
f() | The function call to f() |
int a;
int&& b= static_cast<int&&>(a);
struct str{
int c;
};
int&& f(){
int&& var =1;
return var;
}
str&& g();
int&& rc = g().c;
In this example, The initializer for rvalue reference b is
an xvalue because it is a result of a cast to an rvalue reference.
A call to the function f() produces an xvalue because
the return type of this function is of the int&& type.
The initializer for rvalue reference rc is an xvalue
because it is an expression that accesses a nonstatic non-reference
data member c through an xvalue expression. When compiled with the GNU C language extensions enabled, compound expressions, conditional expressions, and casts are allowed as lvalues, if their operands are lvalues.
(x + 1, y) *= 42;
x + 1, (y *=42);
&(x + 1, y);
x + 1, &y;
A conditional expression can be a valid lvalue if its type is not void and both of its branches for true and false are valid lvalues. Casts are valid lvalues if the operand is an lvalue. The primary restriction is that you cannot take the address of an lvalue cast.