Expand Logical Volume

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Important: The details provided below apply only when you need to increase the hard disk space of your virtual machine for the hardware component that you want to upgrade with the requirements mentioned in SevOne NMS Installation Guide - Virtual Appliance > section Hardware Requirements.

If you have low storage space and need to increase the capacity of your virtual machine's partitions, the steps below will help extend the storage by using Logical Volume Manager (LVM).

Important: For documentation purposes, in the steps below, it is assumed the customer domain is on VMware vSphere Client. Follow similar steps if your environment is on OpenStack/KVM, AWS, Azure, etc.

Customer Domain

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  1. Open your VMware vSphere Client.
    Note: Your pages may vary from the screenshots in the steps below.

    VMwareLogin

  2. Search the virtual machine for the hardware component you want to upgrade. For example, vDNC100_RHEL.
  3. Right-click on the virtual machine and select Edit Settings.

    Example


    vmEditSettings50GB

    where,

    • Hard disk 1 is your root partition (/) and is set to 50GB.
    • Hard disk 2 is your data partition (/data) and is set to 1024GB.

      You will see the current settings of your virtual machine.

SevOne Domain

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  1. SSH into your SevOne NMS virtual machine and log in as support.
    ssh support@<virtual machine IP address or hostname>

    Example

    ssh support@10.168.117.98
  2. Execute the following commands in the order shown below.
    1. lsblk command reads the sysfs filesystem and udev db to gather information.
      lsblk

Output:
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0 2:0 1 4K 0 disk
sda 8:0 0 50G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 2M 0 part
├─sda2 8:2 0 500M 0 part /boot
└─sda3 8:3 0 49.5G 0 part
├─cl-root 253:0 0 45.5G 0 lvm /
└─cl-swap 253:1 0 4G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 1T 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 1024G 0 part
└─data_vg-data_lv 253:2 0 1024G 0 lvm /data
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
      Important: You will see that sda3 is 49.5G.
    2. View the existing partitions and storage devices.
      parted -l | head -12

Output:
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 53.7GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:

Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 1049kB 3146kB 2097kB primary
2 3146kB 527MB 524MB primary xfs boot
3 527MB 53.7GB 53.2GB primary lvm
      Important: Disk /dev/sda currently has 53.7GB.
    3. The pvs command provides physical volume information in a configurable form, displaying one line per physical volume.
      pvs

Output:
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda3 cl lvm2 a-- <49.51g 0
/dev/sdb1 data_vg lvm2 a-- <1024.00g 0
    4. The pvdisplay allows you to see the attributes of one or more physical volumes like size, physical extent size, space used for the volume group descriptor area and so on. In the command below, physical volume is passed to obtain its. For example, /dev/sda3.
      pvdisplay /dev/sda3

Output:
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name cl
PV Size <49.51 GiB / not usable 0
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 12674
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 12674
PV UUID tJa0zz-UQEc-nKHh-mvoo-RfM6-NMM9-fyeaZC
      Important: Free PE is 0 for /dev/sda3.
    5. Based on target version's hardware requirements mentioned in SevOne NMS Installation Guide - Virtual Appliance, if you need to increase your hard disk based on the specifications, go to your VMware vSphere Client > choose your virtual machine for example, vDNC100_RHEL and its IP address. Right-click on the virtual machine and select Edit Settings. Increase your Hard disk 1 from 50GB to 150GB and click OK in the lower-right corner.
      vmEditSettings150GB

      Important: Hard disk 1 change from 50GB to 150GB will only take effect after the logical volume is extended by executing the lvextend command as shown below.
    6. The vgs command provides volume group information in a configurable form, displaying one line per volume group.
      vgs

Output:
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
cl 1 2 0 wz--n- <49.51g 0
data_vg 1 1 0 wz--n- <1024.00g 0
    7. The vgdisplay commanddisplays volume group properties (such as size, extents, number of physical volumes, etc.) in a fixed form. In the command below, VG Name, cl, is passed to obtain the attributes of this physical volume.
      vgdisplay cl

Output:
--- Volume group ---
VG Name cl
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <49.51 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 12674
Alloc PE / Size 12674 / <49.51 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID 7cMstg-INr3-loF0-vT2N-ghpb-IBJx-bzXuv7
      Important: VG Size is 49.51 GiB.
    8. Rescan to see that diskhas resized from 53687091200 (50GB) to 161061273600 (150GB).
      echo 1>/sys/class/block/sda/device/rescan; dmesg -T | tail -2

Output:
[Thu Dec 8 16:44:33 2022] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] 314572800 512-byte logical blocks: (161 GB
/150 GiB)
[Thu Dec 8 16:44:33 2022] sda: detected capacity change from 53687091200 to
161061273600
    9. View the existing partitions and storage devices again.
      parted -l | head -12

Output:
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 161GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:

Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 1049kB 3146kB 2097kB primary
2 3146kB 527MB 524MB primary xfs boot
3 527MB 53.7GB 53.2GB primary lvm
      Important: Disk, /dev/sda, has been resized to 161GB.
    10. Now, resize the disk partition from 50GB to 150GB.

      Example

      For this example, at the prompts below, you will enter the following in the order listed.

      • print - will show you the disk size.
      • print free - shows the free space available. In the example below, you will see the following.
        Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
32.3kB 1049kB 1016kB Free Space
1 1049kB 3146kB 2097kB primary
2 3146kB 527MB 524MB primary xfs boot
3 527MB 53.7GB 53.2GB primary lvm
53.7GB 161GB 107GB Free Space
      • resizepart - resizes the partition.
        • at prompt Partition number?, enter 3 (this is obtainted from the Number column in the example above).
        • at prompt End? [53.7GB]?, enter 161GB (this is obtained from the End column in the example above).
      • print - verifies the disk size change to 161GB.

      • quit - allows you to quit parted utility.

      parted /dev/sda

Output:
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.

(parted) print
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 161GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:

Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 1049kB 3146kB 2097kB primary
2 3146kB 527MB 524MB primary xfs boot
3 527MB 53.7GB 53.2GB primary lvm

(parted) print free
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 161GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:

Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
32.3kB 1049kB 1016kB Free Space
1 1049kB 3146kB 2097kB primary
2 3146kB 527MB 524MB primary xfs boot
3 527MB 53.7GB 53.2GB primary lvm
53.7GB 161GB 107GB Free Space

(parted) resizepart
Partition number? 3
End? [53.7GB]? 161GB

(parted) print
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 161GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:

Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 1049kB 3146kB 2097kB primary
2 3146kB 527MB 524MB primary xfs boot
3 527MB 161GB 160GB primary lvm

(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
$
    11. Check to see if the disk is resized.
      parted -l | head -12

Output:
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 161GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:

Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 1049kB 3146kB 2097kB primary
2 3146kB 527MB 524MB primary xfs boot
3 527MB 161GB 160GB primary lvm

      For partition 3, you will see that the End column now has 161GB.

    12. Now, you need to resize the physical volume in Logical Volume Manager. The pvs command provides physical volume information in a configurable form, displaying one line per physical volume.
      pvs

Output:
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda3 cl lvm2 a-- <49.51g 0
/dev/sdb1 data_vg lvm2 a-- <1024.00g 0
    13. Display the physical volume is /dev/sda3, for example.
      pvdisplay /dev/sda3

Output:
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name cl
PV Size <49.51 GiB / not usable 0
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 12674
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 12674
PV UUID tJa0zz-UQEc-nKHh-mvoo-RfM6-NMM9-fyeaZC
      Important: Free PE is still 0 for /dev/sda3.
    14. Resize the Physical Volume.
      pvresize /dev/sda3

Output:
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" changed
1 physical volume(s) resized or updated / 0 physical volume(s) not resized
    15. After resizing the physical volume, display the physical volume is /dev/sda3, for example, again.
      pvdisplay /dev/sda3

Output:
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name cl
PV Size 149.45 GiB / not usable <1.57 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 38259
Free PE 25585
Allocated PE 12674
PV UUID tJa0zz-UQEc-nKHh-mvoo-RfM6-NMM9-fyeaZC

      Free PE is now 25585 for /dev/sda3.

    16. You are now ready to extend the logical volume and filesystem using lvextend command with all, 100%, of available free space.
    17. Display information related to file systems about total and available space for root partition.
      df -hT /

Output:
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl-root xfs 46G 17G 29G 37% /

      Size is 46G for 50GB hard disk.

    18. lvs command provides logical volume information in a configurable form, displaying one line per logical volume.
      lvs

Output:
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync
Convert
root cl -wi-ao---- <45.51g
swap cl -wi-ao---- 4.00g
data_lv data_vg -wi-ao---- <1024.00g
    19. lvdisplay commanddisplays the properties of LVM logical volumes. For example, logical volume, cl, in the example below.
      lvdisplay cl

Output:
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/cl/swap
LV Name swap
VG Name cl
LV UUID jj8N64-6UPp-WWQz-UKGj-TAxf-MwXW-HJCu7n
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2017-12-07 22:10:11 +0000
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size 4.00 GiB
Current LE 1024
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/cl/root
LV Name root
VG Name cl
LV UUID Jqecl2-YErD-8zwd-JHOG-MPZB-lmdI-HdcT8u
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2017-12-07 22:10:11 +0000
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <45.51 GiB
Current LE 11650
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0
    20. You are now ready to extend the logical volume using lvextend command.
      lvextend -l+100%FREE -r /dev/cl/root

Output:
Size of logical volume cl/root changed from <45.51 GiB (11650 extents) to <145.45 GiB
(37235 extents).
Logical volume cl/root successfully resized.
meta-data=/dev/mapper/cl-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=2982400 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=11929600, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=5825, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 11929600 to 38128640
    21. Check the root partition size for /dev/cl/root.
      lvdisplay /dev/cl/root

Output:
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/cl/root
LV Name root
VG Name cl
LV UUID Jqecl2-YErD-8zwd-JHOG-MPZB-lmdI-HdcT8u
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2017-12-07 22:10:11 +0000
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <145.45 GiB
Current LE 37235
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0
    22. Display information related to file systems about total and available space for root partition.
      df -hT /

Output:
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl-root xfs 146G 17G 129G 12% /

      You will see that the root partition has been updated and resized. It is now 146G.

    23. Exit from Command Line Interface.
      exit
    24. Your virtual machine resource requirements now align with what is required by SevOne NMS' target version. You may now proceed with the steps to perform the upgrade.