FlashSystem 7200 system overview

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IBM® FlashSystem 7200 systems use NVMe-attached drives in the control enclosures to provide significant performance improvements as compared to SAS-attached flash drives. The system also supports 2U and 5U SAS-attached expansion enclosure options.

The FlashSystem 7200 control enclosure has two models: 2076-824 and 2076-U7C. Each system contains up to 24 NVMe-attached IBM FlashCore® Modules or other self-encrypting NVMe-attached SSD drives. The drives are accessible from the front of the control enclosure, as shown in Figure 1 .
Figure 1. Front view of the control enclosure
Front view of the control enclosure
Each control enclosure contains two identical node canisters. As Figure 2 shows, the top node canister is inverted above the bottom one; each node canister is bounded on each side by a power supply unit.
Figure 2. Rear view of the control enclosure
Rear view of the control enclosure
Each FlashSystem 7200 control enclosure has the following characteristics and features:
  • IBM Spectrum Virtualize software with enclosure-based, all inclusive software feature licensing
  • 3-year warranty. Customer-installed and maintained with one FRU (system board) replacement support by IBM Service Support Representatives (SSRs). Optional, priced service offerings are also available.
  • 8-core, 2.1 GHz Intel Cascade Lake CPU SKX processor, in each of two node canisters
  • Single boot drive
  • Hardware compression assist of 40 Gb/s
  • Six channels of cache per CPU with 1 - 12 DIMMs, supporting 64 GB - 768 GB, which is 128 GB - 1.5 TB per control enclosure
  • NVMe transport protocol for high performance of 2.5-inch (SFF) NVMe-attached flash drives:
    • Support for self-compressing, self-encrypting 2.5-inch NVMe-attached IBM FlashCore Modules (FCM) with the following storage capacities: 4.8 TB, 9.6 TB, and 19.2 TB.
    • Support for industry-standard 2.5-inch NVMe-attached SSD drive options with the following storage capacities: 1.92 TB, 3.84 TB, 7.68 TB, and 15.36 TB.
  • Onboard ports:
    • Four 10 Gb Ethernet ports
    • Two USB ports
    • One 1 Gb Ethernet technician port
  • One PCIe slot, per node, that supports a 4-port (two ports active) 12 Gbps SAS adapter. With this adapter, the control enclosure can have 2 SAS chains that attach to the following expansion enclosures:
    • Support for 2.5-inch 12 Gbps SAS industry-standard flash drives in SAS expansion enclosures, with the following capacities: 1.92 TB, 3.84 TB, 7.68 TB, and 15.36 TB.
    • Supports an intermix of FlashSystem 7200 2U and 5U expansion enclosures with a total chain weight of 10 in each of two SAS chains
    • Supports up to 20 2U expansion enclosures that have a chain weight of 1. The 2U expansion enclosures can support 12 LFF or 24 SFF drives each in two SAS chains
    • Supports up to eight 5U expansion enclosures in two SAS chains, each enclosure with a chain weight of 2.5. (92 SFF drives each, or up to 736 drives)
    Table 1. Supported expansion enclosures
    Expansion enclosure Chain Weight Note
    FlashSystem 2076-12G (2U) 1 For more information, see Expansion canister ports and indicators.
    FlashSystem 2076-24G (2U) 1
    FlashSystem 2076-92G (5U) 2.5
  • Two PCIe slots that optionally support any combination of the following network adapters:
    Table 2. Supported network adapters
    Adapter Quantity Note
    • 4-port 16 Gbps Fibre Channel (FC)
    • 4-port 32 Gbps Fibre Channel
    		0 - 2 Supports NVMe over Fabrics (NVME-oF). FC adapters are required for adding control enclosures, up to a maximum of four per system.
    • 2-port 25 Gbps Ethernet (iWARP)
    • 2-port 25 Gbps Ethernet (RoCE)
    		 0 - 2 Supports iSCSI or iSER host attachment.

Using an optional FC adapter, you can also add one of the following control enclosures to a FlashSystem 7200 system. The system supports up tp four control enclosures (eight nodes).

  • FlashSystem 7200 (2076-824 and 2076-U7C)
  • Storwize® V7000 Gen3 (2076-724)
  • Storwize V7000 Gen2+ (2076-624)
  • Storwize V7000 Gen2 (2076-524)
  • FlashSystem 9200
  • FlashSystem 9100

NVMe transport protocol

FlashSystem 7200 systems use the Non-Volatile Memory express (NVMe) drive transport protocol.

  • NVMe is designed specifically for flash technologies. It is a faster, less complicated storage drive transport protocol than SAS.
  • NVMe-attached drives support multiple queues so that each CPU core can communicate directly with the drive. This support avoids the latency and reduces core-core communication to give the best performance.
  • NVMe offers better performance and lower latencies exclusively for solid-state drives through multiple I/O queues and other enhancements.
  • NVMe multi-queuing supports the Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) queue pair model for fast system access to host-attached iWARP or RoCE communications by using iSCSI Extensions for RDMA (iSER).
  • FlashSystem 7200 uses distributed RAID level 6 for best resiliency.
  • In addition to supporting self-compressing, self-encrypting IBM FlashCore Modules, the NVMe transport protocol supports other industry standard NVMe flash drives.

IBM FlashCore Modules are NVMe-attached drives

  • IBM FlashCore Modules have built-in performance neutral hardware compression and encryption.
  • Up to 24 IBM FlashCore Modules in the FlashSystem 7200 control enclosures are available in 4.8 TB, 9.6 TB, and 19.2 TB NVMe-attached Flash Drives with IBM FlashCore Technology that offer up to 3:1 self-compression and self-encryption.
  • IBM FlashCore Modules are based on the IBM FlashCore Technology in IBM FlashSystem® 900 and also in use in FlashSystem 7200 IBM FlashSystem V9000, IBM FlashSystem A9000, and IBM FlashSystem A9000R systems.
  • The 24 FlashCore Modules in the 19.2 TB NVMe-attached Flash Drives give a maximum per control enclosure of 460 TB of raw storage, of which 384 TB are usable, yielding an effective 768 TB (because of the 2:1 sustained compression ratio).
  • An intermix of IBM FlashCore Module NVMe-attached flash drives of different sizes can be used in a control enclosure.

IBM Spectrum Virtualize software

A FlashSystem 7200 control enclosure consists of two node canisters that each run IBM Spectrum Virtualize software, which is part of the IBM Spectrum Storage family. IBM Spectrum Virtualize software provides the following functions for the host systems that attach to the system:
  • A single pool of storage
  • Logical unit virtualization
  • Management of logical volumes
  • Mirroring of logical volumes
The system also provides the following functions:
  • Large scalable cache
  • Copy Services:
    • IBM FlashCopy® (point-in-time copy) function, including thin-provisioned FlashCopy to make multiple targets affordable
    • IBM HyperSwap® (active-active copy) function
    • Metro Mirror (synchronous copy)
    • Global Mirror (asynchronous copy)
    • Data migration
  • Space management:
    • IBM Easy Tier® function to migrate the most frequently used data to higher-performance storage
    • Metering of service quality when combined with IBM Spectrum® Connect. For information, refer to the IBM Spectrum Connect documentation.
    • Thin-provisioned logical volumes
    • Compressed volumes to consolidate storage using data reduction pools
    • Data Reduction pools with deduplication

System hardware

The storage system consists of a set of drive enclosures. Control enclosures contain NVMe flash drives and a pair of node canisters. A collection of control enclosures that are managed as a single system is called a clustered system or a system. Expansion enclosures contain SAS drives and are attached to control enclosures. Expansion canisters include the serial-attached SCSI (SAS) interface hardware that enables the node canisters to use the SAS flash drives of the expansion enclosures.

Figure 3 shows the system as a storage system. The internal drives are configured into arrays and volumes are created from those arrays.

Figure 3. System as a storage system
This figure shows an overview of a storage system.

The system can also be used to virtualize other storage systems, as shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4. System shown virtualizing other storage system
This figure shows an overview of viirutalizing other storage systems

The two node canisters in each control enclosure are arranged into pairs that are known as I/O groups. A single pair is responsible for serving I/O on a specific volume. Because a volume is served by two node canisters, the volume continues to be available if one node canister fails or is taken offline. The Asymmetric Logical Unit Access (ALUA) features of SCSI disable the I/O for a node before it is taken offline or when a volume cannot be accessed through that node.

A system that does not contain any internal drives can be used as a storage virtualization solution.

System topology

The system topology can be set up in several different ways.
  • Standard topology, where all nodes in the system are at the same site.Standard topology, where all node canisters in the system are at the same site.
    Figure 5. Example of a standard system topology
    This figure shows an example of a standard system topology

System management

The nodes in a system operate as a single system and present a single point of control for system management and service. System management and error reporting are provided through an Ethernet interface to one of the nodes in the system, which is called the configuration node. The configuration node runs a web server and provides a command-line interface (CLI). The configuration node is a role that any node can take. If the current configuration node fails, a new configuration node is selected from the remaining nodes. Each node also provides a command-line interface and web interface to enable some hardware service actions.

Fabric types

I/O operations between hosts and nodes and between nodes and RAID storage systems use the SCSI standard. The nodes communicate with each other by using private SCSI commands. Table 3 shows the fabric types that can be used for communicating between hosts, nodes, and RAID storage systems. These fabric types can be used at the same time.

Table 3. Communications types
Communications type Host to node Node to storage system Node to node
Fibre Channel SAN Yes Yes Yes
iSCSI
  • 10 Gbps Ethernet
  • 25 Gbps Ethernet
 Yes Yes No
iSER

25 Gbps Ethernet

 Yes No No
RDMA-capable Ethernet ports for node-to-node communication (25 Gbps Ethernet) No No Yes